presents methods for monitoring transmission systems and enhancing distribution system performance using modern optimization techniques considering different multi-objective functions such as voltage loss sensitivity indexes, reducing total annual cost, and voltage deviation. The authors offer a comprehensive survey of distributed energy resources (DERs), explain the backward/forward sweep (BFS) power flow algorithm, and present simulation results on the optimal integration of photovoltaic-based distributed generators (PV-DG) and distribution static synchronous compensators (DSTATCOM) in different transmission and distribution systems. This book will be a valuable academic and industry resource for electrical engineers, students, and researchers working on optimization techniques, photovoltaic systems, energy engineering, and artificial intelligence.