This special issue of brings together seven newly published studies from a range of invited international researchers in the fields of language and memory disorders and their rehabilitation. The studies address a range of current themes within these fields. Critical consideration is made of the concept of errorless learning in light of the current learning literature by Middleton & Schwartz. Identification of a locus to an errorless learning advantage in non-clinical participants is provided by Anderson and colleagues. Evaluations of errorless learning applied to a range of clinical presentations are provided, including semantic dementia (Jokel & colleagues), anomia in Alzheimer’s disease (Noonan & colleagues), aphasia (Raymer & colleagues; Conroy & Scowcroft) and apraxia of speech (Whiteside & colleagues). The breadth and depth of these studies offers an up-to-date and comprehensive account of research developments in errorless learning and rehabilitation of language and memory impairments. They delineate some of the current critical theoretical-clinical issues through which we might optimise learning and rehabilitative efforts more fully.