The attacks of 11 September 2001 were felt in many different fields and spheres, changing the way the world understood terrorism, its scope and dangerousness. States began to mobilise to confront an invisible enemy and debates were raised about its origins, mechanisms and foundations. Discussions about Muslim culture and its interconnection with religion as a possible means of facilitating this type of violence became frequent, both in academic circles and in common sense. It is therefore necessary to carefully analyse this phenomenon and what surrounds it, in order to gain a greater understanding of a recurring theme in the media and on countries' political agendas, as well as stimulating new perspectives on different cultures and possible means of resolving conflicts. The aim of this monograph would therefore be to set out some explanations and debates on the subject, define terms, follow the history of current terrorism and its consequences in a globalised world.