Based on different teaching concepts and projects in Germany and Poland, this anthology reflects on how foreign language teaching can be further optimized and successfully continued in preschool and elementary education. Thus, based on the background of the children's psychological and developmental learning prerequisites and educational policy requirements, a range of theoretically substantiated aspects of early foreign language teaching is presented and critically discussed in conjunction with their numerous practical findings. Very different empirically-oriented papers are an extensive source of proven ideas and lesson concepts that can be used as a basis for teaching a foreign language, where children learn the language in real and as "natural" situations as possible, and benefit from them both linguistically and socially, emotionally and cognitively.