With the rapid growth of cities as a result of the Industrial Revolution, the urbanisation process has become disorganised, resulting in social inequality and inadequate or precarious infrastructure. In this 'new world' model, where capital and information are what matter, the health/disease process of individuals has been substantially affected in various ways. This work is part of the Institutional Teaching Initiation Programme (PIBID) and aims to discuss the process of urbanisation as a conditioning factor for the health and/or lifestyle habits of schoolchildren.