Using survey data and information obtained from ten Gram Panchayats (local self-governments at the village level) across West Bengal, this book explores the nuances and outcomes of the Gram Sabha - often lauded as the elemental instrument for making local governance really participatory, transparent, and accountable. The book reflects on how far this unique grassroots institution has evolved as the cherished institution of the villagers and for the villagers. It also identifies conditions that promote people's participation and indicates how the political machination influences decentralization and impedes the functioning of rural institutions.