This is Volume IV of eighteen in a series on the Sociology of Development. Originally published in 1954, this text stems from years of field work in the village in Silwa, Province of Aswan, Egypt which has a homogenous social structure and economic life. Although quite isolated geographically it has not been unaffected by social change and part of the book deals with the impact of a modern system of schooling on the outlook and activities of the villagers.