The understanding of human prehistory and history through the recovery and analysis of material culture is under the domain of archaeology. It is a multidisciplinary science that integrates anthropology, history, geography, geology, semiology, paleontology, etc. It involves the study of artifacts, biofacts, cultural landscapes and architecture. Surveying, excavation and analysis of the data collected are significant aspects of archaeology. Remote sensing is used for detecting historical sites in a large area. This may involve satellite imagery or the use of lidar and laser altimeter. Historical archaeology, ethnoarchaeology, archaeometry and experimental archaeology are important subdisciplines of archaeology. This book contains some path-breaking studies in the field of archaeology. It attempts to understand the multiple branches that fall under this discipline and their fundamental principles and concepts. The book is appropriate for students seeking detailed information in this area as well as for experts.