Smart grid is a new generation of power grids that is expected to enhance its reliability and reduce carbon footprint by integrating distributed resources. Microgrid technology allows the integration of renewable energies, which come in three modes: AC, DC, or hybrid. The increasing number of DC loads, the need to reduce power loss in converting DC power to AC, and the existence of DC storage units have favored the adoption of DC microgrids. The electrification of the transportation sector has further supported the adoption of DC microgrids. A DC microgrid system comprises renewable resources, DC storage elements, DC loads, and intelligent electrical devices. It has gained interest due to its efficiency, scalability, and cost-effectiveness. DC microgrids play a crucial role in powering diverse applications such as data centers, residential areas, base stations, and electric vehicle charging stations.