Men were increasingly taking over medical duties—especially surrounding childbirth—usually left to women and, as their medical knowledge increased, they became aware of bodies and behaviors—both male and female—that transgressed gender norms. The anxieties about men who acted in ways seen as increasingly womanly (from acting effeminately to participating in homosexual activity) played out in the character of pregnant Juan Rana. Then, Velasco turns to Hollywood and asks if we might not use the lessons of Juan Rana to help explain why contemporary America is also fascinated by the idea of male pregnancy—think Arnold Schwarzenegger in —and our increasing anxiety over the changing face of masculinity in our own culture.