The present publication attempts to document floristic diversity of medicinal plants from Indian heritage. The book pertains to an effort to cohere indepth systematic as well as auxiliary knowledge to feed proper information to the biologist as well as locals, administrators, forester, policy makers and naturalists who are involved in sustainable environmental management. This book discusses the characteristics of 380 genera covering 600 species. An integrated and comprehensive account of all related aspects of the subject such as nomenclature, distribution, mode of propagation, phenology, Medicinal potential, ethnobotany and active principle of plants have been incorporated. Moreover, several interested aspects on history, demand and supply, marketing and trade of medicinal plants, Conservation of Medicinal Plants: Strategies and Priorities and recommendations for improvement of medico-herbo industries, etc. are also discussed. Attention has been paid to highlight on the endangered medico-floristic diversity with their threat, current geographical distribution, useful in reduce the pressure of wild natural resources in consideration of resource based rural development.