The term given by Mount and Hume in 1997, refers to the most possible conservative approach to any of the field in dentistry. Today, the concept is much broader, care related to risk assessment of individual, the early detection of oral disease, targeted preventively orientated strategies and limited surgical intervention appropriate to the level of disease. It is the modern medical approach to the management of caries, utilizing caries risk assessment, and focusing on the early prevention and interception of disease. Moving the focus away from the restoration of teeth with minimal invasive treatment modalities. It is nothing but a response to the traditional, surgical manner of managing dental caries. As the dental profession worldwide grapples with the challenges dealing with high rates of dental caries in socially disadvantaged and medically compromised patients, it is even more important to incorporate these concepts into practice to deal with the concept of preventive and therapeutic management of dental caries.