Neurogenesis is a process that includes not only a generation of new neurons from neural stem and progenitor cells, but functional integration of these newborn neurons into cortical circuits as well. In this book, the authors present current research in the study of neurogenesis including altered adult neurogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases; modulation of dentate area postnatal neurogenesis in rats and mice; ischemia and neurogenesis; the primary cilium as the tiny driver of dentate gyral neurogenesis; neurogenic hypothesis and psychiatric disorders; and neurogenesis in the adult neocortex under pathological conditions.