The field of medicine that deals with the disorders of the nervous system is referred to as neurology or neurological medicine. It encompasses the diagnosis and treatment of the conditions of the central and peripheral nervous system, and associated tissues, blood vessels, muscles and coverings. Some of the subspecialties of this field include clinical neurophysiology, brain injury medicine, neuromuscular medicine, sleep medicine, pain medicine and neurocritical care, among others. A neurological examination is required if the patient is suspected of having a neurological disorder. It is generally focused on determining if there exist lesions in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Neuroimaging and other neurological tests show correlations between observed and reported mental difficulties as well as provide insights into neural function and differences in brain structure. This book covers in detail some existing theories and innovative concepts revolving around neurological medicine. Different approaches, evaluations, methodologies and advanced studies on neurology have been included herein. A number of latest researches have been included to keep the readers up-to-date with the global concepts in this field.