The diseases or disorders that affect the human eye are called ocular diseases. The branch of medicine that specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases is referred to as ophthalmology. The most common types of ocular diseases include cataract, glaucoma, uveitis, eye tumors, diabetic retinopathy, strabismus, etc. Infection, allergy, vitamin deficiency, chemical irritants, genetics, smoking etc. are some of the prominent causes of eye diseases. The examination and management of ocular diseases involve the use of diagnostic methods such as ocular tonometry to determine intraocular pressure, refraction assessment, visual acuity, etc. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a specialized test used to access ocular structures. OCT scans are used to examine the efficacy of managing diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma. Some other tools to examine the eye and help in the diagnosis include retinal topography and fluorescein angiography. The topics covered in this extensive book deal with the mechanisms and management of ocular diseases and ophthalmology. It will prove to be immensely beneficial to students and researchers in the field of ophthalmology.