Pledges to reform environmentally harmful subsidies (EHS) have increased over the past few years, at both global and national levels. Paying the Polluter addresses the most important issues to be considered when embarking upon these necessary reforms. In this unique work, leading experts explore the definition of EHS, how they can be identified and measured and assess their impacts and the potential benefits of reform. Barriers and opportunities for EHS reform are elaborated with examples of successes and failures. A practical subsidy reform tool is also presented, giving guidance to help develop transparent inventories of subsidies and road maps for future development. Demonstrating how subsidy reform may contribute to a better environment, support fiscal reform and address social and economic objectives, this authoritative book will appeal to policy makers and their advisors all over the world. It will also be a useful sourcebook for academics interested in concrete applications of environmental economics. Finally it should prove a rich and informative read for anyone looking for facts and arguments supporting green budget reforms. Contributors: K. Bachus, A. Bruvoll, J. Cottrell, L. Franckx, B. Kretschmer, M. Lehmann, I. Mayeres, L. Mazza, S. Newman, F. Oosterhuis, J. Pieters, D. Russi, J. Sauvage, R. Steenblik, P. ten Brink, K. Umpfenbach, C. van Beers, J.C.J.M. van den Bergh, H. Vennemo, A. von Moltke, S. Withana