In this issue of , guest editors Drs. Paul Lipkin and Joshua Ewen, both of the Kennedy Krieger Institute and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, bring their considerable expertise to the topic of . While pediatricians now have adopted screening and early identification of autism spectrum disorder into their practices, limited training has been provided around longer-term care throughout their childhood. This issue focuses on the newest information on the fundamental neuroscience and genetics of autism and the care needs of children with autism during middle childhood and adolescence.