This work enumerates and discusses the various iconographic elements borne by the two main Aztec (15th and 16th centuries) variants of Tlaltecuhtli (the anthropomorphic version of the Aztec earth) so as to elucidate their meanings and symbolism. It also compiles not only the arguments and sources relevant to studies of Tlaltecuhtli, but also, for the first time, all known published images of the deity. The end result demonstrates that not only were there two main Tlaltecuhtli variants, but that the first of these was female and the second male.