Proteins are macromolecules of amino acids which are linked together by peptide bonds. They are an essential nutrient for the human body and form a major structural component of muscles. Crops that have substantial amounts of protein in them are often referred to as protein crops. Common examples of protein crops include peanut, chickpea, soybean, lentil, cowpea and pigeon pea. These crops have a positive impact on the soil as they can fix nitrogen, control erosion and enrich the soil with humus. They also serve as a food source for pollinators. This book includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world, on various topics related to protein crops. It aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of protein crops and the recent researches in this field. This book is a vital tool for all researching or studying protein crops as it gives incredible insights into emerging trends and concepts.