The study of medicine associated with the functioning of kidneys is called nephrology. It includes the study of the prevention, symptoms and treatment of kidney diseases. The physician who is a specialist in the diagnosis, care and treatment of kidney diseases is known as a nephrologist. Examination of the urine is the most common way of diagnosing kidney problems. It is important to check for the presence of blood, protein, pus cells or cancer cells in the urine. Medical ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging and computed axial tomography are some of the common tests to assess the structural abnormalities of the kidneys. This book brings forth some of the most innovative concepts and elucidates the unexplored aspects of nephrology. It elucidates new techniques and their applications in a multidisciplinary manner. This book will help the readers in keeping pace with the rapid changes in this field.