The eleventh and early twelfth centuries were a period of intense debate over ecclesiastical reform in western Europe. This book examines the debates from a new perspective, exploring the ways in which contemporary political writers conveyed messages about ‘public’ life through textual and sometimes visual images of the ‘private’ life of the Church. It argues that the images they used - of bishops as husbands of their sees, of the laity as the sons of Mother Church, and of the pope as father of bishops - were shaped not only by intellectual and ritual traditions, but also by contemporary ideas about sexuality and gender. Megan McLaughlin reveals that the boundaries between the ‘public’ and the ‘private’ were extremely fluid in the central middle ages – both because of both the realities of political life in that period and the changing nature of life within European households.