is an examination of the myriad challenges of impoverishment facing Africa and Africans in the new millennium. Selected African states and institutions are examined using the patient-physician relationship and the various systems of the human body as models. The major diseases and maladies and the impact of HIV/AIDS are examined as well as the challenges to the continent's cardiovascular system (educational), nutritional needs (food and nutrition), skeletal system (infrastructure), respiratory system (resource use), and autoimmune system (police and military systems). The Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Liberia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Uganda, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Uganda, and Zimbabwe are individually diagnosed.