The Pernambuco School on Software Engineering (PSSE) 2007 was the second in a series of events devoted to the study of advanced computer science and to the promotion of international scientific collaboration. The main theme in 2007 was testing. Testing is nowadays a key activity for assuring software quality. The summer school and its proceedings were intended to give a detailed tutorial introduction to the scientific basis of this activity and its state of the art. These proceedings record the contributions from the invited lecturers. Each of thechapters is the result of a thorough revision of the initial notes provided to the participants of the school. The revision was inspired by the synergy generated by the opportunity for the lecturers to present and discuss their work among themselves and with the school’s attendees. The editors have tried to produce a coherent view of the topic by harmonizing these contributions, smoothing out differences in notation and approach, and providing links between the lectures. We apologize to the authors for any errors introduced by our extensive editing. Although the chapters are linked in severalways, each one is sufficiently se- contained to be read in isolation. Nevertheless, Chap. 1 should be read first by those interested in an introduction to testing. Chapter 1 introduces the terminology adopted in this book. It also provides an overview of the testing process, and of the types (functional, structural, and so on) and dimensions (unit, integration, and soon) of the testing activity. The main strategies employed in the central activity of test selection are also discussed. Most of the material presented in this introductory chapter is addressedin more depth in the following chapters.