In , David J. Downs and Benjamin J. Lappenga focus upon the resurrection and exaltation of Jesus in their discussion of . They claim that when Paul writes of Christ’s , he refers to the faithfulness of the risen and exalted Christ. Downs and Lappenga carefully survey Paul’s use of in Philippians, the Corinthian letters, Galatians, Romans, and Ephesians, revealing how epitomizes the risen Christ’s continuing faithfulness toward all those who participate in him by . Downs and Lappenga effectively reframe any future consideration of the construction for both New Testament scholars and theologians by showing that the story of Jesus in the letters of Paul extends to the faithfulness of the exalted Christ Jesus, who will remain faithful to those justified through union with Christ.