In an engaging and erudite style, this book takes the reader to the heart of western political theory. Like the cardinal points of a compass, the four alternatives that Cook presents-aristocrat, saint, capitalist, socialist-define the distinct strategies offered to cope with scarcities underlying violent human conflicts, for these core commitments dominate their contrasting economics and politics. Throughout, Cook evidences a detailed knowledge of many authors and themes in classical and modern political thinking. Resisting the temptation to regard the problematic as 'ideal types' from which to embellish or criticize, he blends an objective presentation of each view with penetrating insights and parallels. To each alternative, he applies the presumptions of rule and authority, especially mediated by expectations of democracy.