The dark origins of the 20th century can be traced back to the political and social scenarios that triggered the two great world wars. Spaces of hunger, death and despair, whose lives were themes of literature, art and social sciences up to the present day, especially in the social contexts of those who did not participate directly in the conflicts. These horrors were approached as the central theme of the present research, approached from the perspective of the psychology of the masses, described by Gustave Le Bon and Sigmund Freud, as well as from the approaches of the psychoanalysis of art that can understand the greatest aberrations embedded in the unconscious of a survivor of these contexts, as is the case of the artist Otto Dix, whose works, as a source of documentary research, will be a window to observe what has been called "the horrors of war" in the light of his paintings, always denoting a wide and gloomy scenario of political alienated, subsumed in misery and hostility that characterized the European society of the first decades of that century.