An exceptionally clear, concise, and affordable introduction to logic,
The Logic Manual
carefully walks beginning philosophy students through the fundamentals, offering them a real understanding of how and why logic works. Author Volker Halbach presents essential concepts through examples, informal explanations, and abstract definitions. Topics covered include propositional and predicate logic (with and without identity) and an account of the semantics of these languages, including definitions of truth and satisfaction. In addition, natural deduction is used as a proof system.
Extensively class-tested,
provides the best introduction available to the general, abstract approach to thinking about language, logic, and semantics that is characteristic of contemporary philosophy. A Companion Website provides exercises, examples, and sample examination papers.