This publication is a contribution to the understanding of the value of water as a natural resource, which needs to be protected through its proper use, in the sense of avoiding all forms of waste, or emphasizing its judicious, useful and appropriate use. The authors aim to raise public awareness, whether in Algeria or abroad.The publication covers several aspects of a sociological, socio-anthropological, historical and geological nature. In this way, the issue of water concerns everyone in the context of the environment and, above all, climate change, a topical issue.