This book involves ideas/results from the topics of mathematical, information, and data sciences, in connection with the main research interests of Professor Pardo that can be summarized as Information Theory with Applications to Statistical Inference. This book is a tribute to Professor Leandro Pardo, who has chaired the Department of Statistics and OR of the Complutense University in Madrid, and he has been also President of the Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research. In this way, the contributions have been structured into three parts, which often overlap to a greater or lesser extent, namely • Trends in Mathematical Sciences (Part I) • Trends in Information Sciences (Part II) • Trends in Data Sciences (Part III) Consequently, the intended audience of this book is mainly statisticians, mathematicians, computer scientists, and so on, but users of these disciplines as well as experts in the involved applications may certainly find this book a very interesting read.