This study offers a detailed analysis of U.S.-Russia economic relations, viewed in a broader geopolitical context. It assesses the limits of bilateral cooperation through the economic and political trajectories of both countries, particularly considering the structural constraints in Russia’s economic and political system. Through meticulous examination of the commodity composition of bilateral trade, the report evaluates the potential for expansion of exports and imports as well as immense obstacles on this way. The author explains why trade agreements and business activity have not helped to reduce current political tensions, while deteriorating political ties have continued to have an adverse effect on economic cooperation.