This book also includes topics on the historical research of the Japanese foundations of modern economics, the transformation of the economics of Keynes into Keynesian economics, Japanese developments in econometrics, and Martin Bronfenbrenner's visit to Japan in the post-World War II period. This book provides insight into the economic research done by Japanese scholars in the international context. It traces how, during the period 1900-60, economics was harmonized with mathematics and a standard economics was reshaped on the basis of mathematics thanks to economists' appetite for rigor; and it will help to contribute to existing literature.