In three parts, the text proceeds chronologically, drawing connections between musical examples across regions and eras: Within this broad chronology—from the earliest Italian symphonies of the 18 century to the most experimental works of the 20 century—discussion of the development of the genre often breaks down along national lines that outline divergent but parallel paths of stylistic growth. In consideration of what is and is not a symphony, musical developments in other genres are presented as they relate to the symphony, genres such as the serenade, the tone poem, and the concert overture. Suitable for a one-semester course as well as a full-year syllabus, and with illustrative musical examples throughout, places composers and works in sociological and musical contexts while confronting the fundamental question: What is a symphony?