Recently, gold and iron nanomaterials have proved their efficiency for cancer therapy. Several kind of nanostructures can treat cancer tumor.In this book, we summarized the new advances of nanomaterials for cancer therapy. For example, photothermal therapy represents a non-invasive therapeutic tool to eradicate cancer tumor with minimum toxic effects. Gold nanomaterials are efficient to passively target and deliver photothermal agents to the cancer tumor. Through surface plasma resonance, gold nanomaterials including nanorods, nanostars, nanoflowers, nanocages and nanoshells exhibited strong NIR absorption and are widely utilized during photothermal ablative therapy of cancer.In near future, these probes can serve society to eradicate cancer. Currently, researchers have devoted their attention to minimize toxicity of photothermal agents using modified probe design. By developing this noninvasive cancer therapy, expectations to minimize toxicity of cancer treatment may become reality sooner. In addition, DNA silver nanoclusters can detect several biomarkers like small molecules, DNA, RNA, and metals.