Advances.- Present and potential future adjuvant issues in high-grade astrocytic glioma treatment.- Deep brain stimulation for psychiatric disorders - state of the art.- Standards.- High flow extracranial to intracranial vascular bypass procedure for giant aneurysms: indications, surgical technique, complications and outcome.- Decompression for Chiari type I-malformation (with or without syringomyelia) by extreme lateral foramen magnum opening and expansile duraplasty with arachnoid preservation: comparison with other technical modalities (Literature review).- Vagal nerve stimulation - a 15-year survey of an established treatment modality in epilepsy surgery.- Surgical anatomy and surgical approaches to the lateral ventricles.