The diagnosis and management of hereditary disorders and conditions, such as birth defects and dysmorphology, autism, mental retardation, connective tissue disorders, mitochondrial disorders, skeletal dysplasia, etc. is encompassed under genome medicine. It incorporates diverse areas within its domain such as personalized medicine, gene therapy and predictive medicine. A diagnostic examination customized according to an understanding of existing signs and symptoms is used for establishing a differential diagnosis and developing an appropriate treatment. Such diagnostic tests help in determining whether the condition is an inborn error of metabolism, a chromosomal disorder or a single gene disorder. There is no cure for genetic disorders. However, potential for the dietary and medical management of the conditions to reduce or prevent long-term complications. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts and emerging trends in the field of genome medicine. It aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of genome medicine and the recent researches in this field. For all those who are interested in this field, this book can prove to be an essential guide.