This book is divided into two parts. In the first, there is a theoretical overview of gestational anaemia, covering everything from the physiological factors involved in the genesis of the disease, to the social context of it being a serious public health problem and elucidating the diagnostic aspects associated with it. The second part presents the results of a cross-sectional study on the prevalence of anaemia in pregnant women attending their first antenatal appointment at a reference hospital for maternal and child health, established as a child-friendly institution. This is a technical book aimed primarily at health professionals.