Biodegradation refers to the process of the decomposition of materials by microorganisms like fungi, bacteria, etc. It is a natural process, which enables the disintegration of waste in the nature. It is often used in fields like waste management, ecology, natural environment and biomedicine, etc. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts in the field of biodegradation. It is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide in-depth knowledge about the theory and practice of the subject. The text aims to serve as a resource guide for students and experts alike and contribute to the growth of the discipline.