The present book "Biology and Ecology of Tropical Earthworms" is the outcome of the "3rd National Symposium on Earthworm Ecology and Environment" organized by Dr. P.S. Chaudhuri in the Department of Zoology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, West Tripura during 9 - 11 November, 2012. Out of the total presentations, 23 research papers have been selected and edited to form chapters of the book. There are three major sections in the book containing earthworm biology, ecology, diversity and their importance in maintaining soil fertility, increasing crop productivity, improving human health and saving environment from solid waste contamination.