Dating from around the 1540s, barely two decades after the fall of the Aztecs, the recently underwent extensive physical analysis, conservation, and a systematic photographic survey. These rare images—including sixteen full-size sections and a nearly quarter-size facsimile—accompany fifteen richly illustrated essays that explore the meanings and uses of the document, its complex narrative, and the social and ritual memory of an indigenous community struggling to hold its own in the turbulent atmosphere of early colonial Mexico.