The People's Republic of China is one of the biggest economies in the world and home to about a sixth of the world population. This large country has rapidly developed into one of the leading high-tech nations while large parts of it have remained rural. Many of the global challenges are especially visible on the Chinese landscape. Despite this considerable importance, China has been little represented as a research subject in economic and social sciences; evidence-based research on many questions regarding interaction with China is rare. Since 2017, the University of Hohenheim has been working on increasing and fostering China competence with funding by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. This book represents selected results. With contributions by Dr. Sigrun Abels, Dr. Tania Becker, Dr. Philipp Boing, Dr. Martin Braml, Dennis Hammerschmidt, Prof. Dr. Benjamin Jung, Dr. Johannes Klenk, Leonid Kovachich, Dr. Oliver Krebs, Cosima Meyer, Prof. Dr. Ylva Monschein, Dr. Agota Revesz, Franziska Waschek, David Weyrauch and Dr. Thomas Winzen.