Traumatic Brain Injury is an injury of a non-degenerative or congenital nature, caused by an aggression or initiated by a process of high-energy acceleration or deceleration of the brain within the skull, which generates anatomical damage or functional impairment of the scalp, skull, meninges or encephalon. Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a condition that affects people's quality of life. Many of these patients may develop respiratory failure, requiring endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. The aim of this study was to analyze the neurophysiopathology of patients affected by traumatic brain injury. The sample included 20 patients with severe TBI in the ICU of a hospital.