Composting and vermicomposting are widely used biological processes for the management of the wastes produced by the communities and agricultural activities, which have experienced substantial growth during the last few years. summarizes the most important work conducted during the last few years under one cover. The book includes conventional and recent advancements in composting and vermicompostimg technologies, information regarding mitigation of greenhouse gases emission and resistant genes, and finally recovery of "Value-Added Materials" in the composting sectors. Furthermore it includes models and available upgradation, global case studies, opportunities and challenges (technical constraints, Institutional constraints and social constraints) associated with the composting technology advancement and finally, application of LCA and considerations in economic evaluation of composting technologies and other organic waste treatment strategies.