The work deals with transnational organized crime with its corollaries but especially its magnitude; making this phenomenon a real bomb for the socio-economic and political development of Africa. The West African zone is not on the sidelines, as it is already facing enormous challenges. The country of honest men, once a haven of peace, is today prey to repeated terrorist attacks and multi-faceted acts of organized crime.The work is divided into three main parts: the first part presents the state of transnational crime in Africa, the forms of crime, the types of drugs and the actors involved in the transaction, marketing and use of these drugs. The second part focuses on the problem of organized crime and its negative consequences for development. The third part looks at the existing alternatives in the fight against transnational crime as well as the perspectives that can be envisaged to this effect.