Drawing on theoretical psychosocial concepts exploring the interplay of hidden or ‘underground’ micro and macro elements of teaching and learning contexts, the book illuminates how the presence of an observer fundamentally alters the dynamics of a classroom. The author argues that it is not necessarily the performativity that creates the stress and anxiety in an observation but the individual’s perception of this performativity and how it relates to a wider consideration of their emotional labour in the classroom. For this reason, the book puts forward a case for ending the formal, graded method of lesson observations in favour of a developmental, holistic approach that is sensitive to the emotional nuances of the individuals involved as well as the social and historical contexts of the institutions in which they are situated. The diverse use of lesson observations as a tool for staff development and quality assurance policies make this a valuable resource for educational researchers, policy-makers, teachers and managers from many different sectors and backgrounds.