The sequence of essays in the book broadly follows the order of the , providing up-to-date perspectives of Spinoza’s views on freedom, action, and motivation in their ontological, cognitive, physical, affective, and ethical facets. This enables readers to engage with a variety of new interpretations of these key themes of the and to reconsider their consequences both for other related issues in the and for the relevance of the to contemporary trends in philosophy of action and motivation. The essays will contribute to the growing interest in Spinoza’s and spark further discussion and debate within and outside the vast body of scholarship on this important work. Ethics will be of interest to scholars and advanced students working on Spinoza and early modern philosophy, as well as on philosophy of action and motivation.