This book examines fuzzy and intuitionistic fuzzy mathematics and unifies the latest existing works in literature. It enables readers to fully understand the mathematics of both fuzzy set and intuitionistic fuzzy set so that they can use either one in their applications. Each chapter of begins with an introduction, theory, and several examples to guide readers along. The first one starts by laying the groundwork of fuzzy/intuitionistic fuzzy sets, fuzzy hedges, and fuzzy relations. The next covers fuzzy numbers and explains Zadeh's extension principle. Then comes chapters looking at fuzzy operators; fuzzy similarity measures and measures of fuzziness; and fuzzy/intuitionistic fuzzy measures and fuzzy integrals. The book also: discusses the definition and properties of fuzzy measures; examines matrices and determinants of a fuzzy matrix; and teaches about fuzzy linear equations. Readers will also learn about fuzzy subgroups. The second to last chapter examines the application of fuzzy and intuitionistic fuzzy mathematics in image enhancement, segmentation, and retrieval. Finally, the book concludes with coverage the extension of fuzzy sets. This book: is an ideal text for graduate and research students, as well as professionals, in image processing, decision-making, pattern recognition, and control system design.