What obligations do wealthy people have to ensure that the world's poor achieve a quality of life that is recognizably human? This is the fundamental question of international distributive justice and one that has only been seriously debated in the last twenty-five years. This highly informative work analyzes the relative merits of the core moral perspectives framing the debates, including the universalist, nationalist, patriotism, and relativist. It presents an engaging argument for universal basic human rights, making it an ideal resource for anyone interested in political theory, philosophy, international relations, development studies, and moral philosophy.