"When God created man, she was practicing" - this famous saying succinctly sums up the criticism of early feminist Christian theology. In addition, the Cultural Turn challenged the concept of religion that had been developed on the basis of Christianity assuming a sharp contrast between monotheism and polytheism. Starting from these criticisms and in the framework of a "transcendental gender history" from (late) antiquity to the present, this issue investigates the variety of discourses and actions opened up by notions of goddesses. In so doing, it explores the relationship between gender and transcendental concepts.