Rich in original studies and insightful analyses, this concise book offers a critical synthesis of research, including its empirical controversies and theoretical debates. Bian skillfully illustrates the growing importance of in diverse areas such as personal network building, employment and labor markets, informal business relationships, and the broader political sphere, highlighting ’s central value in China's contemporary social structure. A definitive statement on the topic from a top authority on the sociology of , this book is an excellent classroom introduction for courses on China, a useful reference for researchers, and ideal reading for anyone interested in Chinese culture and society.