This Handbook highlights the key theoretical and empirical debates in academia and policy across a variety of scholarly groups, illustrating the various methods and principles used while sharing the common goal of understanding the institutional mechanisms, constraints, and determinants that influence decision-making. The expert contributors discuss the design of health care systems, political markets, financing and policy reforms, and healthcare during pandemics in six thematic sections, as well as providing insightful lessons to be learned for the future. Scholars and professionals interested in an in-depth state-of-the-art companion to the main issues under discussion of the effects of the design in our health systems, along with the constraints that they face, will find this Handbook an excellent resource.